Tupolev Tu-4 "Bull"

Tupolev · Soviet Union · first flew 1947 · bomber

The Tupolev Tu-4 was a Soviet strategic bomber developed as a near-exact reverse-engineered copy of the American Boeing B-29 Superfortress, providing the USSR with its first nuclear-capable long-range bomber.

Recognition (WEFT)

W — WingsMid-mounted, tapered
E — Engines4 × piston, wing-mounted
F — FuselagePressurised fuselage with gun turrets in B-29 arrangement
T — TailConventional

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Visually identical to the B-29 in virtually every external detail including the distinctive Plexiglas gun turrets, high mid-set wing, and four radial engines in identical nacelle shapes; only close inspection of markings and minor detail differences distinguishes it.

Specifications

Figures are for the representative variant described above; marks differ. See how AircraftIQ sources figures.

History

Three B-29s that made emergency landings in Soviet territory during World War II were impounded and meticulously copied; the Tu-4 first flew in 1947. It delivered the USSR's first nuclear weapon test in 1951 and remained in service until the mid-1950s when jet bombers superseded it.

Variants

The Tu-4 was produced in standard bomber and electronic intelligence variants; the Tu-4A was the nuclear-capable version; China received a small number and operated them into the 1980s.

Where you'll see it

Served with Soviet Long Range Aviation from 1947 and with the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force; the Tu-4 was the foundation of Soviet strategic bombing capability during the late 1940s.

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