Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird

Lockheed Corporation · United States · first flew 1962 · light aircraft

The Lockheed XV-4 Hummingbird was a US Army VTOL research jet that used a jet ejector augmentation system to achieve vertical takeoff and landing. It was an experimental aircraft investigating the feasibility of VTOL jet propulsion for military purposes.

Recognition (WEFT)

W — WingsMid-mounted, straight
E — Engines2 × turbojet, fuselage-mounted
F — FuselageTwo fuselage-mounted jets with lift augmentation ducts
T — TailT-tail

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Spot it by:

Small mid-wing jet with two engine pods feeding both thrust and lift systems, a T-tail, and a single-seat cockpit. The fuselage contains complex ducting for the lift augmentation system.

Specifications

Figures are for the representative variant described above; marks differ. See how AircraftIQ sources figures.

History

Developed under a US Army contract, the XV-4 employed Pratt & Whitney JT12 engines whose exhaust could be diverted through an augmenter lift system for vertical flight. Two prototypes were built; the first flew in 1962. The aircraft proved the concept but suffered from a fatal crash of the first prototype in 1964. The second prototype (XV-4B) was modified with multiple lift jets and continued research until it too was lost in an accident in 1969.

Variants

The XV-4A was the initial version with the ejector-augmentor lift system. The XV-4B was extensively modified with eight small lift jets replacing the augmentor system, essentially becoming a different aircraft.

Where you'll see it

Strictly an experimental research programme with the US Army. Never entered operational service. Both prototypes were destroyed in accidents.

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